Sex, Sexuality, and the Brain: The Neurobiology

Alina Konnikova and Daniel Sanchez
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Abstract
Sex and sexuality is an intriguing topic which describes sexual dimorphisms and their correlation to the brain, the development of sexual behavior, and the sexual syndromes that exist. Both animals, such as song birds, and humans have sexually dimorphic brains. For example, numerous MRI studies have shown that males have a larger brain than females. Furthermore, novel fMRI studies suggest that there are anatomical brain differences between homosexual and heterosexual individuals. Sexual development is a complex, fascinating process controlled by the pituitary gland in both males and females. Sexual syndromes such as Turners, 46-XYY and Klinefelter’s syndrome result in improper sexual development. Current research in the field of sex and sexuality consists of an identification of new receptors, molecules, and transcription factors vital for proper sexual development.